Your highest rank is based on your level. Technically this would give you a single rank four slot at level 9, a rank 5 slot at level 11, etc. without taking the expert or master spellcasting feats.
Yes, if you had spells from your sorcerer that overlapped with the mystery’s spells, you could cast them using the extra slot without taking the basic spellcasting feat.
Age of Ashes would be an option if you want dragons. It’s one of the older APs, but it’s a full 1-20 campaign. I haven’t run it yet, but from what I’ve read it needs a bit of work by the GM, particularly around tuning encounters as there are several that are overtuned. Fortunately there are lots of community resources to supplement/augment it.